ABSTRACT
@#Most drugs taste bitter and irritating, resulting in poor compliance of patients, and the bad odor affects the therapeutic effect. The successful research and development of a drug should not only conform to the five quality characteristics of effectiveness, stability, safety, uniformity and economy, but also the compliance of patients to drugs with bad odor. The development of taste masking techniques is critical for bitter drugs.This review describes the principles, advantages and drawbacks of traditional taste masking techniques, and introduces the mechanism and application of novel taste masking techniques, such as melt granulation, hot melt extrusion, 3D printing, drug complex preparation, and bitter taste inhibitors. The in vitro evaluation methods of drug taste masking effect, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, in vitro dissolution, and electronic tongue technology, are described. And introduce in vivo evaluation methods, such as animal and human taste, in the field of taste masking effect. A new strategy of BP neural network prediction model for drug taste evaluation is proposed, with a view to providing theoretical reference for the future research on drug taste masking.
ABSTRACT
Good medicine tastes bitter, but it is often difficult to swallow because the drug is bitter and astringent, so that the compliance of patients with medication is poor. However, the use of taste masking technology can better improve this situation. Appropriate and effective taste masking technology can improve the drug compliance of patients, especially children, it can also improve the curative effect and the clinical value of drugs. Herein, we summarize the latest research progress of taste masking technology, and summarize the traditional taste masking technology from the aspects of action mechanisms and application scopes. Finally, the novel and efficient taste masking technologies were presented.
ABSTRACT
In this study, the reverse engineering technology was used to analyze the prescription and process of Doppelherz® Energy DIRECT, based on the composition of the prescription on the official website of the product, the detection method of composition is established according to the pharmacopoeia and literature information, combined with gravimetric analysis to complete prescription analysis. The prescription composition of the reference listed drug was determined to be composed of caffeine, taurine, vitamin B, anhydrous glucose, citric acid, sorbitol, sucralose, magnesium salts of fatty acids, in which the glucose content was 71.4%, the citric acid content was 7.0% and the magnesium salts of fatty acids content was < 5.8%. According to patent inquiry, Raman imaging and other technologies, the preparation process of the marketed preparation has been basically obtained, and the development of the self-made preparation has been completed on this basis. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences. Combined with the results of the taste evaluation experiment and the caffeine dissolution test of the preparation in 1 min, the hot-melt extrusion technology was screened out as the taste-masking technology of the self-made preparation, the parameters of the hot-melt extrusion process were screened by differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and finally a product with good taste and qualified quality was obtained, which provided a reference method for the research and development of related preparations.
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@#Liquid preparations are the commonly used oral dosage forms in pediatric clinical practice.This review introduces the pediatric oral liquid dosage forms including extemporaneous preparation of oral liquid formulations, oral liquid sustained and controlled release formulations, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, self-nanoemulsions and milk-based liquid formulations.In addition, the efficient flavoring and taste masking technologies, using safe pharmaceutical excipients, high-demanding technical standards and verification strategies, establishing excellent workflow management systems can contribute to the development and application of pediatric oral liquid dosage forms which are safer, more effective and better compliant.This review is helpful in laying the relevant theoretical foundation for further studies on pediatric oral liquid dosage forms.
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Excellent taste is of great significance to ensure the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Aiming at the deficiency of traditional Chinese medicine powder preparation and the demand of children and elderly people with insufficient swallowing function, a novel dosage form called Chinese medicine oral instant powders was proposed. The introduction of this concept was inspired by the characteristics of ancient Jujube Instant Beverage, Longjiao Powders from Japan and freeze-dried tablets. It was also based on the understanding of the structure-property-function of traditional Chinese medicine powder, and integrated powder modification technology, taste masking technology, and the pretreatment technology of raw materials. In this manuscript, the concept, basic characteristics, composition of raw materials and accessories, design principle, process route, core equipment, quality evaluation methods and technical advantages of Chinese medicine oral instant powders were introduced in detail. It is hoped that the development of Chinese medicine oral instant powders will help to meet the needs of special population. Meanwhile, it will provide new ideas and technologies for the innovation of powder decoctions, hospital preparations and Chinese patent medicine powders in new era.
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Animal medicines have been called "medicine with affinity to flesh and blood" by doctors of all ages, which always act as an important branch of Chinese medicine. They have various types, extensive sources and long application history, with unique cli-nical effects in anti-coagulation, anti-thrombosis, anti-fatigue, immune regulation, anti-tumor, anti-convulsion and so on. Most animal medicines contain proteins, fatty acids, and trimethylamine oxides, which are prone to decomposition and produce substances such as biological amines, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, trimethylamine and ammonia with unpleasant odors. The stench produced by the combination of various odors can easily cause side effects such as nausea and vomiting, which would probably affect the drug compliance and clinical efficacy in patients, and block the development of high-quality animal medicines. At present, we have insufficient understanding on sources and formation mechanism of the stench of animal medicines, lacking development of taste-masking technology. Therefore, the universality, formation, vomiting mechanism, evaluation methods, and masking technology of stench of animal medicines were summarized in this paper, so as to deepen the recognition of stench, provide references for the development of animal medicines deodorization technology, enhance patients' compliance with animal medicines, and promote animal drugs to better serve public health in the new era.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Fatigue , Neoplasms , Taste , TechnologyABSTRACT
@#In China, the incidence of adverse reactions of drugs in children is twice that in adults; especially in the newborns, it is four times that in adults. The main reason is that the physiological characteristics of children are changing constantly due to that they are in a constant process of growth and development; while the pediatric medicines cannot meet the clinical needs of children in different age states. Accordingly, the development of pediatric medicines, especially oral solid preparations which are convenient for administration and storage, has attracted a lot of attention. This review introduced various pediatric oral solid dosage forms such as multiparticulates, orally disintegrating tablets(ODT)and chewable tablets. In addition, the efficient taste masking technology and accurate dose control were the further research directions for development of pediatric medicines, which would provide important theoretical references for studies on pediatric oral solid dosage forms in future.
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As children are extremely sensitive to the bad taste of medicine,they have poor compliance with the bitter medicine.It is of great importance to develop the approaches of taste masking for the research of paediatric drug formulations.Besides,taste masking technology is one of the main barrier to develop children pharmaceutic preparation.This article provides an overview of the advance in taste masking technology of oral paediatric medicine in recent years,and introduces five types of taste masking technology in terms of drug,preparation and the bitter taste transduction,including principle and characteristics of these approaches,as well as their application in formulations,so as to provide some references for the development of paediatric medicine.
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Astringency, one of the true taste of Chinese materia medica (CMM), generally exists in traditional Chinese medicinal materials and China patent medicines. However, due to the profound influence of traditional five flavors theory, it is lacking of depth understanding in Chinese pharmacy discipline. In this paper, authors initially generalized the meanings of astringency in herbal literatures, figured out the universality of astringency, interpreted the forming principle and factors deeply, summarized the spreading rules along the preparation process chain, summed up the masking methods, and discussed the suitable masking methods for the buccal tablets of CMM, so as to deepen the understanding, promote the development of suitable masking technology and applicable accessories.